The history of southern africa edited by amy mckenna. Aug 16, 2012 south africa is a world leader in mining. Over the next few years, south africa yielded more diamonds than india had in over 2,000 years. The mining industry is one of the most important contributors to the economy in south africa. The standard bank of south africa was the first bank in johannesburg, arriving a month after the citys founding. Steel is used to make automobiles, locomotives, ships, beams used in buildings, furniture, paper clips, tools, reinforcing rods for concrete, bicycles, and thousands of other items. Most of the iron produced is then used to make steel. Iron working and the iron age in africa african studies. South african mining, coal, gold and base minerals snippet view 2001. Iron age states and chiefdoms 83 eastern states and chiefdoms 83. Anyone interested in johannesburgs mining history will find this section valuable.
It thus covers a very long period of time and is used to describe a great variety of different societies, from. According to a press release by the ministry, the tombs cover an area of 50 to 80square meters 538. It replaced the flag that had been used since 1928, and was chosen to represent multiculturalism and ethnic diversity in the countrys new, postapartheid democratic society. The primary use of iron ore is in the production of iron. They were directly ancestral to the bantuspeaking peoples who form the majority of south africa s population today. This is a short history of africa excluding egypt, ethiopia and dutch and british south africa, which are the subjects of separate histories. Photo by andrew watkins mining operations in south africa involve a series of complicated landright relationships. The history of southern africa largescale exploitation of the regions. A history of mining in south africa kindle edition by davenport, jade. For practical purposes stone, marble and other quarries may be included in this list. Iron age kingdoms of southern africa south african. This list of mines in south a frica is subsidiary to the list of mines article and lists working, defunct and future mines in the country and is organised by the primary mineral output. Mining companies catalog additions changes to this catalog are noted in this color for 2020 books cleland, r.
A very well researched books which lays bare the history of mining in south africa which now spans over 160 years. By 1869, diamonds were found far from any stream or river. The history of coal mining in south africa is closely linked with the economic development of the country. Not only has the country given birth to some great mines, and mining houses, these developments have resulted in very strong and innovative engineering and consultancy companies. The excavation usually has stepped, or benched, side slopes and can reach depths as low as 1,500 ft 460 m. Jul 27, 2012 south koreas mining sector has seen steady growth in recent times. Shipping will be via usps media mail unless otherwise specified at time of purchase. It thus covers a very long period of time and is used to describe a great variety of different societies, from simple villagebased farmers and nomadic. The book contains an alphabetical list of gold mining company directors an example of the prospectuses included in the book.
Some of the history of these countries, however, is naturally mentioned in this history of the rest of africa but is kept to the minimum needed to make the rest comprehensible. The witwatersrand basin in south africa is the largest gold resource in the world. The age of iron in west africa essay the metropolitan. The authors background as a metallurgist slanted the book a bit toward the development of metallurgy processes but this was fair. Secrets of iron age oman revealed by copper mining necropolis. Nevertheless south africa has a mining history of an epic nature. After some delay, south africa is at last starting to prepare to share in the bonanza that is expected when the international community eventually allows mining of the deep seabed which lies. The diamond fields of southern africa johannesburg. Southern africa african history development of zimbabwean societies.
Feb 24, 2014 from this side of the atlantic, it seems that the most comprehensive history of coal mining in the u. Read about the important facts that have shaped the modern nation of south africa. The ussouth korea free trade agreement, signed by both governments, has been in effect since the beginning of 2012. As in 2004 the coal and lignite industry of south africa provided over 50,000 jobs and generated nearly r40. Well organised charpters on year after year discoveries and development, and it brings us to understand the immense contribution of south africas mining industry to its general indistrialization. The discovery of diamonds in the late 1870s led to expansion of the mines in order to meet the growing demand for coal. Iron technology first appears in the african continent in the 1st millennium bce, and the term iron age is generally used, certainly south of the sahara, to describe ironusing communities in africa until the modern historical era.
Shortly after marikana, it was widely reported both in south africa and abroad that rock drillers at lonmin earned only r4 000 a month. A brief history of south africa south african history. The iron ore mining in south africa to 2020 report comprehensively covers the countrys historical and forecast data on iron ore production by form, reserves, consumption and trade to 2020. The first modern humans are believed to have inhabited south africa more than 100,000 years ago. First in yellow earth and below in hard rock called blue ground, later called kimberlite, after the mining town of kimberley. History of southern africa south african history online. South africas remotenessit lies thousands of miles distant from major african cities such as lagos and cairo and more than 6,000 miles 10,000 km away from most of europe, north america, and eastern asia, where its major trading partners are locatedhelped reinforce the official system of apartheid for a large part of the 20th century.
Anglo americans flagships sishen iron ore mine in south africa is tenth in terms of iron ore output with 36mt of iron ore mined out in 2014. A profile of iron ore mining in south africa with directories of companies, people, industry sectors, projects, facilities, news and events. The kimberley diamond fields, and later discoveries in gauteng, the free state, and along the atlantic coast, emerged as major sources of gemquality diamonds, securing south africas position. Workers at the kimberley diamond mines in south africa.
Rise of agriculture and domestication and rearing of animals. Mining in world history is a good account of how minerals and their development and use advanced the history of the western world. The california gold fever of 1849 was the beginning of the search and procurement of that metal on a considerable scale. Petroleum came prominently into notice for the first time in august 1859, when the drake well struck oil. Because the first farmers had knowledge of ironworking, their archaeological sites are characterized as iron age c. The history of south africa, which made the country as strong as it is today with a proud heritage. The iron age is so named after the materials used at the time to make tools and weapons.
South african history has included a tumultous past. South african mining, coal, gold and base minerals. Historically, the mining industry in south africa has undertaken its own research. Diamond mines and mining south africa the diamond fields of southern africa johannesburg. After the discovery of hominins at taung and australopithecine fossils in limestone caves at sterkfontein, swartkrans, and kromdraai these areas were collectively. This work is softbound in blue wrappers with black printing to the upper cover. Commercial coal mining commenced in the eastern cape near molteno in 1864. Largescale and profitable mining started with the discovery of a diamond on the banks of the orange river in 1867 by erasmus jacobs and the subsequent discovery and exploitation of the kimberley pipes a few years later.
Browse the worlds largest ebookstore and start reading today on the web, tablet, phone, or ereader. From this side of the atlantic, it seems that the most comprehensive history of coal mining in the u. Mining in south africa began with chance discovery of a diamond on the banks of the orange river in 1867. By the 1880s, the mines around kimberley produced around 95% of the world diamonds. New groups of people arriving in south africa at that time had strong connections to east africa. The history of coal mining in south africa afri coal.
Copper mining was revived along lake superior about 1842 and made a sudden jump. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Reconstruction efforts in japan are expected to boost demand for south koreas copper and steel. In 1886, on the farm of langlaagte, the rapidly growing diamond industry was eclipsed by the discovery of gold. In a project studying iron age settlements in north al sharqiyah, omans ministry of heritage and culture, working with germanys heidelberg university, discovered the copper mining site in al mudhaibi. Whether you are involved in iron ore exploration, processing or trade, sgs provides a comprehensive range of services to support these activities. They were directly ancestral to the bantuspeaking peoples who form the majority of south africas population today. Nov 28, 2019 in a project studying iron age settlements in north al sharqiyah, omans ministry of heritage and culture, working with germanys heidelberg university, discovered the copper mining site in al mudhaibi. In europe, this development happened only in the 1700s ad.
The anatomy of a coal mine daw mill colliery 1957 20 the complete history of the last coal mine in warwickshire. Gold mining 154 the road to war 154 the south african war. Iron technology first appears in the african continent in the 1st millennium bce, and the term iron age is generally used, certainly south of the sahara, to describe iron using communities in africa until the modern historical era. Gold mining 154 the road to war 154 the south african war 18991902 155 reconstruction, union, and segregation.
In the period from 1400 to 1600, iron technology appears to have been one of a series of fundamental social assets that facilitated the growth of significant centralized kingdoms in the western sudan and. More detailed history of iron mining in cape town, south africa crusher south. Wagner page images at hathitrust diamond mines of south africa 2 volumes. South african geology mining mines iron deposits union of. What are some books to read about the history of coal mining. The iron deposits of the union of south africa by percy a. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading digging deep. The rich history of mining and metallurgy in phalaborwa in the recent past is recorded. The first diamond discoveries in south africa were alluvial. The flag of republic of south africa was adopted on 27 april 1994. Iron ore mining application cone crushers, jaw crushers and mobile screens duration. A few minor glitches, but not serious or important. List of books and articles about mining history online.
The higher labour costs in south africa are said to be the result of the labourintensive deeplevel mining prevalent in south africa. South africa is one of the top five coal exporting countries in the world. South africas diamond mining industry dates back to 1867, when diamonds were discovered near kimberley in what is today known as the northern cape. The book is a play of iron county, michigan 100 years of iron mining based on oral history. In this chapter, you will learn about the history of mining in south africa, as well as the impact that mining has on communities, social life and the environment. Iron ore mining in south africa to 2020 pr newswire. Secrets of iron age oman revealed by copper mining. Mining historian, columnist, journalist and author jade davenport will coincide the launch of her book digging deep a history of mining in south africa, with the 2014 investing in african. In 2001, the gold reef city developers built a casino and, as a condition of the casino license, an adjacent apartheid museum, which is now the preeminent museum documenting 20thcentury south africa history. Iron age kingdoms of southern africa south african history. This is also where the worlds deepest gold mine is found the mponeng gold. Iron smelting and forging technologies may have existed in west africa among the nok culture of nigeria as early as the sixth century b. Diamonds, gold, coal, iron ore, chrome, copper, emerald, fluorspar, ilmenite, lead, manganese, nickel, phosphate, silica, tin, vanadium, uranium, zinc and zircon. Kingswood coal history and location of coal mining sites in bristol and south gloucestershire.
More than a quarter of the coal mined in south africa is exported and it is the countrys third largest source of foreign income. Mining history in the united states legends of america. It followed the stone and bronze ages but developed at different times in different parts of the world. Aug 15, 2014 iron age mining links ancient sa to the world. South africa history, capital, flag, map, population. It is highly capital intensive, and requires significant investment in infrastructure such as rail in order to transport the ore from the mine to a freight ship. Black rock and roses play of iron county iron mining oral. Iron age mining links ancient sa to the world the mail. South africa has a rich and vibrant history of producing excellent literature.
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